Hierarch
Hierarch Celestine I of Rome
† 432 (епископ Римский с 422)
Hierarch Celestine I, Pope of Rome (422–432) — an opponent of the Nestorian heresy: at the Roman synod of 430 he demanded Nestorius's recantation under threat of excommunication, and his legates presided at the Third Ecumenical (Ephesus) Council of 431, which condemned Nestorianism.
Hierarch Celestine (Caelestinus) — a native of Rome, elected Bishop of Rome after Boniface I and governing the Roman see from 422 to 432, during the reign of the Eastern Roman emperor Theodosius II. He received a thorough education in philosophy and theology and was widely respected by clergy and laity alike.
In 430, at a Roman synod, he condemned the heresy of Nestorius, who rejected the title Theotokos for the Most Holy Virgin and taught a disjointed union of the two natures in Christ; he issued Nestorius an ultimatum — recant within ten days or be deposed and excommunicated. He sent warning letters to Constantinople and Antioch. Celestine's legates presided at the Third Ecumenical Council at Ephesus (431), which finally condemned Nestorianism.
He reposed in peace on April 6, 432, having devoted his final years to upholding Orthodox Christology.
His feast is kept on April 8/21. On the same day the Menaion also commemorates the Apostle of the Seventy Herodion (Rodion) of Patras, together with Agabus, Rufus, Asyncritus, Phlegon, and Hermas — a coincidence of calendar date rather than a biographical connection: the two saints appear together on the original icon simply because Menaion icons customarily group all saints of a given feast day on one panel.