Hierarch Juvenal, Patriarch of Jerusalem

St. Juvenal became Bishop of Jerusalem around 421–422 and secured the elevation of the see of Jerusalem to a Patriarchate at the Fourth Ecumenical (Chalcedonian) Council of 451, placing him at the head of the three Palestinian provinces.

At the "Robber Council" of Ephesus in 449 he had initially sided with the Monophysite Dioscorus, but at Chalcedon he repented, was pardoned, and became one of the editors of the Chalcedonian Definition. After the council, Juvenal came into fierce conflict with Monophysite-leaning Palestinian monks, who drove him from his see; he was forced to flee to Constantinople, where he firmly upheld Orthodoxy despite pressure from the dowager empress Eudocia.

With the support of Emperor Marcian, Juvenal was restored to the patriarchal throne and returned to Jerusalem; through the admonition of St. Symeon the Stylite, Empress Eudocia later repented and returned to communion. He died peacefully in 458.

His feast is kept on July 2/15.

IMPORTANT CORRECTION: category martyr→hierarch — the saint died peacefully, not through martyrdom. The identification is confirmed by the image's style (an ancient Greek fresco), which clearly rules out confusion with the separately-venerated 18th-century missionary Juvenal of Alaska.